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The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, transformed the way in which Americans and their leaders viewed the world. The tragic events of that day helped give rise to a foreign policy strategy commonly referred to as the Bush Doctrine. At the heart of this doctrine lie a series of claims about the need to encourage liberal democracy as the antidote to jihadist terrorism. President George W. Bush proclaimed in a variety of addresses that democracy now represented the single surviving model of political life to which all people aspired. In the course of making this argument, President Bush linked his policies to an overarching teleology of progress. This discourse suggested that the United States might use force to hasten the emergence of liberal norms and institutions in rogue states. With a sense of irony, some commentators soon referred to the Bush administrations position as Leninist because of its determination to bring about the so-called end of history today. Yet, surprisingly, these critics had little more to add. This book assesses in greater depth the Bush administrations claim to comprehend the purpose of historical progress. Developing a concept termed democratic vanguardism, this study investigates the idea of liberal modernity, the role of the United States as a force for democracy, and the implications of using military intervention in the service of idealistic ends. It examines disputes among political theorists, public intellectuals, and elected statesmen that help to enrich our understanding of the United States efforts under President Bush to bend history to its will.
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