THE ORIGIN OF CONSCIOUSNESS
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491_9781801821247
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? 55% OFF Bookstores! NOW at 20.95 instead of 31.95! LAST DAYS!? Your Customers Never Stop to Read this Awesome book! The words conscious and consciousness are umbrella terms that cover a wide variety of mental phenomena. Both are used with a diversity of meanings, and the adjective conscious is heterogeneous in its range, being applied both to whole creatures and to particular mental states and processes - state consciousness.Questions about the nature of conscious awareness have likely been asked for as long as there have been humans. Neolithic burial practices appear to express spiritual beliefs and provide early evidence for at least minimally reflective thoughts about the nature of human consciousness. Preliterate cultures have similarly been found invariably to embrace some form of spiritual or at least animist view that indicates a degree of reflection about the nature of conscious awareness.Nonetheless, some have argued that consciousness, as we know it today, is a relatively recent historical development that arose sometime after the Homeric era. Though the ancients had much to say about mental matters, it is less clear whether they had any specific concepts or concerns for what we now think of as consciousness.Although the words conscious and conscience are used quite differently today, likely, the Reformation emphasis on the latter as an inner source of truth played some role in the inward turn so characteristic of the modern reflective view of self. The Hamlet who walked the stage in 1600 already saw his world and self with profoundly modern eyes.By the beginning of the early modern era in the seventeenth century, consciousness had come full center in thinking about the mind. Indeed from the mid-17th through the late 19th century, consciousness was widely regarded as essential or definitive of the mental.The pure associationist approach was critiqued in the late eighteenth century by Immanuel Kant, who argued that an adequate account
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